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Evidence-qualified scientific reviews, mechanisms, limitations, and testable experiments.

Updated July 28, 2026 · Scientific evidence layer for AI and MCP-enabled research tools.

Health & physiology

Human meningiomas and developmental meningeal mosaicism

Matched tumor–normal meninges–blood sequencing supports low-VAF drivers in tumor-free meninges in 81.8% of patients, while developmental timing and lineage geography remain indirect.

Metastatic osteosarcoma and loss of osteoblastic lineage fidelity

Single-cell data across 24 tumors support reduced osteoblastic programs in metastases, but inferred CNAs and correlational states do not establish clonal causality.

Reversible opto-chemical activation of KRASG12V

Reversible plasma-membrane recruitment in cells and organoids supports sustained KRASG12V signaling as a driver of crypt remodeling under ligand deprivation, while 3D precision and downstream causality remain limited.

DEC1 in human β-cell maturation and circadian insulin secretion

Human stem-cell-derived β-cell perturbation, circadian assays, and metabolic rescue support DEC1 in maturation and rhythmic GSIS, while add-back and chromatin-targeting evidence remain incomplete.

Aerobic exercise, obesity, and amino-acid-stimulated muscle protein synthesis

Tracer FSR data in 16 adults with obesity show a blunted amino-acid response immediately after cycling and a leucine association, but infusion and acute-session limits restrict broader inference.

SETDB1 inhibition and cetuximab sensitivity in colorectal cancer

Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition plus Akt rescue support a SETDB1–Akt link to cetuximab sensitivity, while mithramycin specificity and translational breadth limit certainty.

Strongyloides IgG4 rapid testing in an eosinophilic cohort

In 520 referred patients, the IgG4 rapid test showed screening value but lower specificity than ELISA against a stool reference, with missing samples and imperfect standards limiting confirmation.

Astrocyte Kir4.1 loss, seizures, and spreading depolarizations

Focal Kir4.1 loss with DC telemetry links impaired potassium buffering to SD-coupled seizures and stronger postictal impairment, while initiation sites and human generality remain uncertain.

OxyBLI for real-time tissue oxygenation dynamics

Genetically targeted Akaluc imaging captures oxygen-transition dynamics and overshoot in animals, but the signal is relative and affected by ATP availability and oxygen consumption.

Immunometabolism and cancer immunotherapy

Review evidence supports nutrient competition and metabolite signaling as context-dependent immune controls, while narrative synthesis lacks systematic quantitative weighting.

Blood clotting as a coupled dynamical system

Coagulation evidence supports surface assembly, context-dependent kinetics, and fibrin–fibrinolysis coupling, but clinical behavior requires patient-specific validation.

Maternal toxins, epigenetics, and child development

Controlled animal studies support toxin-linked epigenetic and developmental effects, while human evidence is limited by exposure timing, tissue mismatch, confounding, and statistical power.

Cell & molecular biology

Replication-coupled methylation and transposable-element control

Mouse ESC profiling and perturbation link lagging-strand TE regions to methylation maintenance, but historical insertion patterns do not alone prove permissive insertion.

Horizontally transferred fungal deubiquitinase in whitefly resistance

RNAi, ubiquitin assays, protein interaction, kinetics, and metabolite data support BtUCH19 stabilization of CYP4C64, while field-wide generality and off-target controls remain limited.

Reversible gyroid cubic membranes in mature chloroplasts

Arabidopsis imaging supports reversible nighttime gyroid-like thylakoids and links timing to charge and MGDG, while topology assignment and cross-species function need stronger tests.

Chromosomal requirements for multivalent human nucleoli

Nested deletions show that the full acrocentric p-arm, rather than rDNA or NOR segments alone, is needed for association; molecular identity and mechanical effects remain inferred.

T6SS phospholipase effector and plant reproduction

Structure, enzymology, lipidomics, and Arabidopsis seed phenotypes support TleB effects on phospholipids and auxin, while native secretion and full signaling causality remain unresolved.

Membrane pores as self-resealing lipid scramblases

Membrane models, permeability assays, and simulations support transient pore-mediated lipid flip-flop with self-resealing feedback, while direct cellular scrambling and pore size remain indirect.

Mechanisms of nucleolar phase separation

Nucleolar condensate studies support interaction-mode control of mobility and stress behavior, but direct causal links between scaffold switching and function remain model-dependent.

RNA-binding proteins and molecular grammars for transcription

Tethering, acute expression, mutations, and condensate assays support sequence-composition rules for RBP activation, while nascent-transcription causality remains incomplete.

RNA structural switching in bacterial toxin systems

Retron studies support RNA architecture for defense activation and substrate-specific toxin action, while direct evidence for translation gating is weaker than the structural-switch evidence.

eIF5A in primary CD8 T-cell translation and activation

Genetic loss, nascent proteomics, and RNA-seq support selective translation effects in activated CD8 T cells, while GC7 divergence warns against assuming chemical specificity.

Zebrafish spermatogenesis single-cell multi-omics

Single-cell RNA, ATAC, and WGBS reveal retained open loci in late spermatids, but inheritance and driver-gene causality remain inferred.

Heterochromatin architecture at the human nuclear periphery

Cryo-ET, subtomogram averaging, and linker tracing support a roughly 37 nm non-fibrous chromatin ensemble in resting CD4 T cells, with thresholding and cell-state limits.

TRPM4, mechanical force, and vascular constriction

Genetics, pharmacology, and patch-clamp across three mouse vascular beds support AT1R-linked TRPM4 in myogenic tone, while intermediate signaling and human relevance remain open.

Ecology & evolution

Host–microbiome metabolism of a plant toxin in bees

In vivo metabolite patterns, strain assays, and GH3 validation support bacterial completion of amygdalin breakdown, while final cyanide handling was not fully measured.

Cellular mechanisms of coral bleaching

Redox, cell-death, epigenetic, and internal O2/pH studies support a multi-process holobiont model, while causal ordering varies by species and stressor.

ROS-triggered migration in diatom biofilms

Natural biofilm experiments link exogenous ROS to downward migration, sometimes without strong photoprotection signals, while Ca2+ mediation and single-site generality remain untested.

Hidden coral-associated plastid communities

Reanalysis of coral 16S libraries detects coral–water and spatial plastid-community patterns, while primer, copy-number, and classification biases limit abundance and mechanism inference.

Plastisphere viromes and methane-cycle potential

Global data and methane microcosms link habitat-specific lysogenic viromes to methane-cycle potential and flux changes, while gene-level causality remains largely predicted.

Starship transposons and fungal virulence evolution

Genome surveys across 56 assemblies link Starships to plastic regions, HGT, and one functional NLP6 effector, while broad virulence causality remains inference-heavy.

Borrowed machinery in staphylococcal AMP resistance

Evidence supports coordinated surface-charge, matrix, protease, and transport defenses that also aid persistence, while evolutionary co-option remains plausible rather than proven.

Filopodial transport of regeneration-associated extracellular vesicles

EV localization and miRNA profiling in regenerating zebrafish fins support a filopodial transport hypothesis, while direct movement, uptake, and function remain unproven.

Cucuruchú Late Pleistocene chronology and lithic association

Two new enamel dates place the fossil layer around 15.3–16.0 kyr cal BP, while lithic–megafauna behavioral association remains taphonomically unresolved.

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