Evidence for Scientific Questions

Claims, supporting evidence, scope, limitations, and testable next steps.

Updated August 13, 2026

Paper Reviews

Host–microbiome metabolism of a plant toxin in bees

Prunasin accumulation marks a microbial metabolic bottleneck, supported by metabolite profiling, strain assays, proteomics, and GH3 validation; final cyanide processing remains incompletely measured.

Single-cell genomics of protist microbial and viral associations

Cell-resolved transcripts and genome-resolved partners reveal protists as possible ecological hubs, although ingestion and intracellular symbiosis remain difficult to separate.

Hidden microalgae diversity in coral reefs

Plastid-marker reanalysis detects coral-associated communities structured by reef location, but primer, copy-number, classification, and compositional biases limit mechanistic conclusions.

ROS-triggered migration in diatom biofilms

Exogenous ROS is associated with rapid downward migration in natural diatom biofilms, while ROS species, calcium signaling, and broader ecological generality remain partly unresolved.

T6SS phospholipase effector and plant reproduction

TleB connects bacterial phospholipid chemistry with Arabidopsis seed production through lipid and auxin readouts, but native secretion and the complete signaling chain remain uncertain.

Starship transposons and fungal virulence evolution

Comparative genomics links Starship regions with genome plasticity, virulence cargo, and one de novo effector, while broad causal claims rely mainly on association and a single deletion test.

DEC1 in human beta-cell maturation

Genetic, metabolic, and circadian assays support DEC1 as a link between mitochondrial flux and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, but add-back and direct chromatin evidence are limited in the preprint.

SETDB1 inhibition in colorectal cancer

SETDB1 perturbation reduces Akt signaling and can sensitize KRAS-mutant models to cetuximab, but mithramycin specificity and clinical translation remain major limitations.

Visual deprivation and intrinsic neuronal plasticity

Multimodal electrophysiology and channel-surface evidence support deprivation-related failure of LTP-IE in layer-5 neurons, with generality beyond rodent visual cortex unresolved.

Compatible-solute catabolism in Colwellia

Genomic-island, phylogenetic, and growth evidence supports an HGT-linked pathway, while direct transfer mechanism and stepwise metabolic flux remain untested.

eIF5A in primary CD8 T cells

Genetic loss, nascent proteomics, and RNA-seq implicate eIF5A in cytokine production and cell cycling, while GC7 produces broader effects than genetic hypusination loss.

NF-κB regulation at accessible and inaccessible chromatin

Cross-species chromatin profiling and CCL2 perturbations support conserved NF-κB binding modes, but genome-wide causality beyond tested loci remains uncertain.

Molecular organization of the primate dorsal cochlear nucleus

Rhesus microscopy supports conserved parallel-fiber synaptic markers despite disputed lamination, but direct physiological function is not demonstrated.

RPTPρ genomic organization and alternative splicing

Clone mapping and RT-PCR define modular exon–intron structure and brain splice forms, while isoform functions and some intron sizes remain unresolved.

Strongyloides IgG4 rapid testing

In an eosinophilic referral cohort, the rapid test showed useful sensitivity but lower specificity than ELISA against stool-based references and cannot alone confirm active infection.

PARG inhibitor discovery and optimization

Crystallography, SAR, cellular PAR persistence, and preliminary pharmacokinetics support useful PARG tools, while broader off-target and efficacy testing remains limited.

When parasites become prey

Review evidence and models show that predation can kill, transmit, or remove parasite stages, so disease effects depend on life stage and digestive survival.

bHLH control of lifespan in C. elegans

Genetic and secretion-dependence tests link an AVK peptidergic program to lifespan, but direct target genes, timing, and peptide effectors remain unresolved.

Kleptoplast performance in Elysia crispata

Donor alga and feeding frequency shape photosynthetic persistence during starvation, while protein-level repair mechanisms were not directly measured.

Heterologous lentivirus RNA packaging

Engineered virion assays separate RNA packaging from productive reverse transcription and integration, with natural co-infection relevance still uncertain.

High-fat diet and gastric vagal serotonin signaling

Early high-fat feeding reduces glucose-dependent 5-HT3 amplification and receptor trafficking in rats, but trafficking causality and human relevance need testing.

Evolutionary history and crude-oil toxicity in killifish

Common-garden experiments associate population-specific AHR responses with developmental tolerance, but expression patterns do not establish causal pathway rewiring.

RUNX1 binding partners and stem-cell division

Zebrafish, human-cell, and clonal evidence suggests cofactor selection can alter stem-cell output, while the drug’s direct target and niche effects remain unclear.

Stage-resolved egg-production genetics in chickens

Multi-trait and haplotype analyses identify stage-dependent CNNM2 associations, but causal variants and regulatory mechanisms remain association-based.

Partial CD45 exclusion in T-cell contacts

Live-cell imaging supports partial CD45 exclusion during signaling contacts, while the causal relationship between exclusion fraction and antigen discrimination remains model-dependent.

Thymic human NK-cell progenitors

Single-cell, differentiation, and patient data support a thyILC1 population biased toward KIR+ NKG2A− NK cells, but human in-vivo lineage tracing is absent.

Th2 hypo-responsiveness during helminth infection

In a filarial mouse model, PD-1/PD-L2 blockade restores aspects of Th2 function and resistance, while antigen specificity and broader helminth generality remain limited.

NF-κB–IRF1 signaling in airway epithelium

Perturbation, chromatin, and reporter assays support NF-κB-driven IRF1 induction, while glucocorticoid resistance and in-vivo relevance remain inferential.

Mouse Defense Test Battery

The review proposes separable defensive behavior factors and drug responses, but reproducibility across strains, threats, and new drug classes remains the key test.

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