LptM opens the LptD lateral gate while LptY steadies the scaffold that makes contracted and extended transport states possible.
A rare RNA shape can make the apparent pKa look far lower than the true chemical site, so folding matters as much as proton chemistry.
Algal photosynthesis helps organize host day-night gene timing, and paraquat pushes the program back toward an aposymbiotic pattern.
During weaning, microbes that can digest mucus glycans gain the edge, turning the gutβs own sugars into a selection filter.
Whole micronuclei can be acidified and digested before they seed chromosome loss, linking cleanup to genome stability.
Achilles fibroblasts split into zone-specific programs across enthesis, tendon body, and muscle edge, matching local microanatomy.
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