The range-wide SSRseq study (1,618 samples; 519 R. gallica individuals; 29 loci) provides the foundation: 36 of 219 wild sites shared clonal lineages with cultivated/botanical or different-site wild individuals, and 28 of 98 French sites showed wildβcultivated clonal sharing, which the authors interpret as recent human-mediated dispersal concentrated in France .
However, the specific hypothesis is not answered by this study. No clonal lineage labeled "B" is defined in the evidence records, and the analysis did not compare site congruence with 19th-century nursery trade routes versus simple geographic distance. The authors explicitly note the direction of transfer (wildβcultivation vs cultivationβwild) cannot be determined per site, and the western France founder-effect signal is ambiguous: natural long-distance founding of a few individuals would produce the same low private allelic richness, so the human-mediated explanation "cannot be prioritized over natural dispersal based on these results" .
Verdict: biologically plausible and consistent with the study's French human-dispersal signal, but currently untested β the trade-route-vs-distance comparison has not been performed. Confidence in the general human-dispersal component is moderate; confidence in the lineage-B/nursery-route component is low due to absent data. Finding lineage-B sites clustered along historical nursery shipping corridors, independent of distance, would support the hypothesis; random scatter with respect to routes would refute it.
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