BGPT: what is the size of the base pairs for Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S288C reference): genome ≈ 12.07 million base pairs (≈12.07 Mb).

Long Answer

How large is the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome (base pairs)?

Visual first — one clear figure showing the reference haploid genome size in base pairs and megabases.

Evidence & precise number

The canonical Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C reference nuclear genome (haploid) was reported as 12,068,496 base pairs (≈12.07 Mb) across 16 chromosomes in the complete-sequence paper for the species; this value is the standard reference often quoted for S. cerevisiae genome size and underlies most yeast genomics resources and annotations.

Caveats & practical notes

Different strain assemblies (natural isolates, long-read assemblies) will vary in total length due to subtelomeric variation, copy-number differences (e.g., rDNA repeats, Ty elements, Y' elements), and strain-specific insertions/deletions; the 12.07 Mb figure refers to the S288C standard reference haploid nuclear genome ().
Reported sizes sometimes include or exclude the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) tandem repeat array on chromosome XII, mitochondrion sequence, or plasmids; those choices change the summed bp count—so always check whether a stated genome size is ‘‘nuclear haploid, excluding rDNA’’ (standard) or includes repetitive arrays.

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Updated: March 16, 2026

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1. LRGE is a reference-free genome size estimator for long-read data that uses read-to-read overlaps to infer genome size, achieving high accuracy and efficiency across bacteria and some eukaryotes, and outperforming several k-mer–based methods on ONT data while matching assembly-based estimates with substantially lower computational requirements. [2025]

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2. Experimental evolution in budding yeast demonstrates that cellular miniaturization (six-fold reduction in cell volume over 1,500 generations) can occur with robust size homeostasis and modest fitness costs, driven by combined mutations in G1 cyclin CLN3 and the Greatwall-Rim15 signaling axis, revealing a mechanism for cell size evolution. [2025]

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3. A minimal three-parameter dinucleotide-based energy landscape can predict single-nucleosome dyad positions with base-pair accuracy and, via Percus' equation, genome-wide nucleosome occupancy in both in vitro reconstituted and in vivo yeast chromatin, highlighting DNA sequence as a major determinant with deviations pointing to chromatin remodelers and histone variants. [2012]

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4. Genome-wide CRISPRi screening in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and proteomic profiling in Cochliobolus heterostrophus reveal ergosterol biosynthesis and membrane transport as core antifungal-resistance pathways to ferulic acid (FA), FA synergizes with fluconazole against Candida spp., including azole-resistant strains, and FA shows dose-dependent in planta antifungal activity against a maize pathogen, supporting FA as a sustainable antifungal agent for clinical and agricultural use. [2025]

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5. Massively parallel evolution of barcoded Saccharomyces cerevisiae shows that increasing cell size is associated with lower internal cell density, a conserved biophysical trade-off that extends across life and is driven by diverse genetic routes including ploidy changes and chromosome duplications, while growth rate remains largely unaffected and carrying capacity declines with size. [2025]

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Key Insight

The S. cerevisiae haploid nuclear genome is compact (~12.07 Mb) relative to multicellular eukaryotes; most intraspecies length variation arises from variable repeats (rDNA, Ty, Y' elements) rather than widespread single-base differences.

Keep Exploring

Would you like a chromosome-by-chromosome length plot for S288C (16 chromosomes) with exact bp per chromosome?

Do you want a comparison of complete long-read assemblies for several S. cerevisiae strains (showing subtelomeric and rDNA variation)?

Analysis Wizard

Summarizing: producing chromosome-length barplots and total base-pair counts from FASTA assemblies (S288C and other strain assemblies) to visualize per-chromosome bp contributions (uses assembly FASTA inputs).

Hypothesis Graveyard

Hypothesis: All S. cerevisiae strains have identical genome length—falsified: long-read assemblies and subtelomeric analyses show multi-kilobase to megabase differences across strains (see subtelomeric Y' variation studies).

Hypothesis: Mitochondrial genome variation dominates total bp differences between strains—unlikely: mtDNA is small (~85–90 kb) and cannot account for megabase-level variation from subtelomeric arrays.

Potential Experiments

Generate long-read (ONT/HiFi) assemblies for 50 diverse S. cerevisiae isolates, quantify chromosome-by-chromosome length differences, and partition total bp variance into contributions from rDNA, Y' elements, Ty elements, and unique-sequence indels.

CRISPR-based reduction of rDNA array length in an isogenic background and measurement of total genome bp and phenotypes (growth rate, replicative lifespan) to test causal effects of rDNA copy-number on phenotype and measured genome size.

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Discussion

BGPT Bias

I rely on canonical reference assemblies (S288C) and may under-emphasize strain-level diversity unless asked.

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Long Answer

How large is the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome (base pairs)?

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12. Constraint-based metabolic modeling paired with Monte Carlo perturbations (TRAEV) forecasts environment-driven evolutionary trajectories and quantifies trait robustness of engineered metabolic traits in microbes, enabling prospective design of robust production traits in yeast. [2026]

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Key Insight

The S. cerevisiae haploid nuclear genome is compact (~12.07 Mb) relative to multicellular eukaryotes; most intraspecies length variation arises from variable repeats (rDNA, Ty, Y' elements) rather than widespread single-base differences.

Keep Exploring

Would you like a chromosome-by-chromosome length plot for S288C (16 chromosomes) with exact bp per chromosome?

Do you want a comparison of complete long-read assemblies for several S. cerevisiae strains (showing subtelomeric and rDNA variation)?

Analysis Wizard

Summarizing: producing chromosome-length barplots and total base-pair counts from FASTA assemblies (S288C and other strain assemblies) to visualize per-chromosome bp contributions (uses assembly FASTA inputs).

Hypothesis Graveyard

Hypothesis: All S. cerevisiae strains have identical genome length—falsified: long-read assemblies and subtelomeric analyses show multi-kilobase to megabase differences across strains (see subtelomeric Y' variation studies).

Hypothesis: Mitochondrial genome variation dominates total bp differences between strains—unlikely: mtDNA is small (~85–90 kb) and cannot account for megabase-level variation from subtelomeric arrays.

Potential Experiments

Generate long-read (ONT/HiFi) assemblies for 50 diverse S. cerevisiae isolates, quantify chromosome-by-chromosome length differences, and partition total bp variance into contributions from rDNA, Y' elements, Ty elements, and unique-sequence indels.

CRISPR-based reduction of rDNA array length in an isogenic background and measurement of total genome bp and phenotypes (growth rate, replicative lifespan) to test causal effects of rDNA copy-number on phenotype and measured genome size.

Science Art

Science Movie

Make a narrated HD Science movie for this answer ($32 per minute)

Discussion

BGPT Bias

I rely on canonical reference assemblies (S288C) and may under-emphasize strain-level diversity unless asked.

Stay current without chasing every paper.

My BGPT

Trending

Traceable Claims in Genomics

Follow genetic findings back to the exact experiments and reported results behind them.Know what the science actually supports before you trust the answer.

Explore by Goal

Quick Answer Copied

Long Answer

How large is the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome (base pairs)?

Top Data Sources ExportMCP

12. Constraint-based metabolic modeling paired with Monte Carlo perturbations (TRAEV) forecasts environment-driven evolutionary trajectories and quantifies trait robustness of engineered metabolic traits in microbes, enabling prospective design of robust production traits in yeast. [2026]

Ask a Follow-Up

Key Insight

The S. cerevisiae haploid nuclear genome is compact (~12.07 Mb) relative to multicellular eukaryotes; most intraspecies length variation arises from variable repeats (rDNA, Ty, Y' elements) rather than widespread single-base differences.

Keep Exploring

Would you like a chromosome-by-chromosome length plot for S288C (16 chromosomes) with exact bp per chromosome?

Do you want a comparison of complete long-read assemblies for several S. cerevisiae strains (showing subtelomeric and rDNA variation)?

Analysis Wizard

Summarizing: producing chromosome-length barplots and total base-pair counts from FASTA assemblies (S288C and other strain assemblies) to visualize per-chromosome bp contributions (uses assembly FASTA inputs).

Hypothesis Graveyard

Hypothesis: All S. cerevisiae strains have identical genome length—falsified: long-read assemblies and subtelomeric analyses show multi-kilobase to megabase differences across strains (see subtelomeric Y' variation studies).

Hypothesis: Mitochondrial genome variation dominates total bp differences between strains—unlikely: mtDNA is small (~85–90 kb) and cannot account for megabase-level variation from subtelomeric arrays.

Potential Experiments

Generate long-read (ONT/HiFi) assemblies for 50 diverse S. cerevisiae isolates, quantify chromosome-by-chromosome length differences, and partition total bp variance into contributions from rDNA, Y' elements, Ty elements, and unique-sequence indels.

CRISPR-based reduction of rDNA array length in an isogenic background and measurement of total genome bp and phenotypes (growth rate, replicative lifespan) to test causal effects of rDNA copy-number on phenotype and measured genome size.

Science Art

Science Movie

Make a narrated HD Science movie for this answer ($32 per minute)

Discussion

BGPT Bias

I rely on canonical reference assemblies (S288C) and may under-emphasize strain-level diversity unless asked.

Stay current without chasing every paper.

My BGPT

Trending

Top Data Sources Export MCP