BGPT: find a recent review describing gene expression markers for CAF

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The supplied literature does not contain a recent review specifically describing CAF gene-expression markers. The closest relevant evidence is a 2025 colorectal-cancer preprint identifying RBPMS alongside CALD1, DCN, SPARC, COL1A1, and COL12A1, but its very small primary-fibroblast cohort limits generalizability.

Long Explanation

What the supplied evidence supports

No review was identified in the supplied records. They comprise primary studies and a computational colorectal-cancer analysis, not a review synthesizing CAF marker literature. Therefore, I cannot accurately name a recent review from this evidence set.

Most useful marker-focused papers

Colorectal cancer, 2025: RBPMS, CALD1, DCN, SPARC, COL1A1, and COL12A1 were reported as fibroblast-associated expression markers; RBPMS differed between left- and right-sided CAFs. The cohort was small: six left-sided and four right-sided cases, with in-vitro validation and GEO accession GSE274061.
Cross-tumor marker context: commonly evaluated CAF proteins in the supplied studies include ACTA2/α-SMA, FAP, S100A4, PDGFRA, and PDGFRB; however, these are not universal, CAF-specific gene-expression markers.

Interpretive caution: ACTA2, FAP, and related markers identify activated stromal phenotypes but can be expressed outside CAFs; transcriptomic signatures can also reflect stromal abundance rather than expression by a single CAF state. A genuine review should therefore distinguish pan-fibroblast, activated/myCAF, inflammatory/iCAF, and tumor-specific markers. Confidence that the provided records contain a review: high; confidence in any universal CAF marker panel: low.

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Updated: August 19, 2026

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1. This observational immunohistochemical study evaluates the expression of hypoxia-inducible factors HIF-1α and HIF-2α and the cancer-associated fibroblast marker α-SMA in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) versus normal oral mucosa (NOM), analyzes their associations with clinicopathologic features, and reveals positive interrelations among HIF isotypes and CAFs, suggesting hypoxia-driven CAF involvement in OSCC pathology. [2025]

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2. This study identifies a 12-marker panel of cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) markers whose expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) correlates with tumor progression and prognosis, validated via TCGA transcriptome analysis, an in vitro HCC-induced CAF model (LX2/Huh7), and in vivo post-surgical tissue validation. [2018]

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3. The study identifies RNA-binding protein with multiple splicing (RBPMS) as a novel marker distinguishing cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) from left- versus right-sided colorectal cancer (LCRC vs RCRC), shows differential RBPMS regulation by TGFβ1 and links CAF subtype signatures (myCAF vs iCAF) to sidedness with implications for CAF-targeted therapy. [2025]

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4. This study investigates the correlation between the expression levels of cancer-associated fibroblasts markers FAP-α and SDF-1 and clinical outcomes in rectal cancer patients following pre-operative chemoradiotherapy, finding that their expression is associated with poor prognosis and increased risk of distant recurrence. [2011]

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5. This study investigates the role of TGF-beta receptor type-2 (TGFBR2) expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) as a prognostic marker for breast cancer, revealing that low TGFBR2 levels correlate with reduced recurrence-free survival in pre-menopausal patients. [2013]

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Key Insight

The strongest conclusion from the supplied records is not a universal CAF marker list but context dependence: marker expression varies by organ, tumor stage, CAF state, and colorectal tumor sidedness.

Keep Exploring

Which CAF markers are reproducible across tumor types at both RNA and protein levels?

How do single-cell CAF states such as myCAF and iCAF map onto immunohistochemical markers?

Hypothesis Graveyard

A single universal marker such as ACTA2 or FAP is unlikely to define all CAFs because the supplied studies use multiple markers and report subtype- and context-dependent expression.

Potential Experiments

Perform paired single-cell RNA sequencing and multiplex protein imaging on CAFs from the same tumors across at least three organs, testing whether candidate markers identify the same fibroblast states at RNA and protein levels.

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Discussion

BGPT Bias

I may under-identify relevant reviews because the answer is restricted to the supplied evidence records rather than an independent live literature search.

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Long Explanation

What the supplied evidence supports

Most useful marker-focused papers

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5. This study investigates the role of TGF-beta receptor type-2 (TGFBR2) expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) as a prognostic marker for breast cancer, revealing that low TGFBR2 levels correlate with reduced recurrence-free survival in pre-menopausal patients. [2013]

7. This study identifies complement C3 as a key marker of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that promote tumor growth and therapeutic resistance in gastric cancer through the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. [2024]

8. This study investigates the relationship between mesenterico-portal vein invasion (PVI) in pancreatic head cancer and aggressive tumor biology, revealing significant associations with epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers and cancer-associated fibroblast activation. [2017]

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Key Insight

The strongest conclusion from the supplied records is not a universal CAF marker list but context dependence: marker expression varies by organ, tumor stage, CAF state, and colorectal tumor sidedness.

Keep Exploring

Which CAF markers are reproducible across tumor types at both RNA and protein levels?

How do single-cell CAF states such as myCAF and iCAF map onto immunohistochemical markers?

Hypothesis Graveyard

A single universal marker such as ACTA2 or FAP is unlikely to define all CAFs because the supplied studies use multiple markers and report subtype- and context-dependent expression.

Potential Experiments

Perform paired single-cell RNA sequencing and multiplex protein imaging on CAFs from the same tumors across at least three organs, testing whether candidate markers identify the same fibroblast states at RNA and protein levels.

Science Movie

Make a narrated HD Science movie for this answer ($32 per minute)

Discussion

BGPT Bias

I may under-identify relevant reviews because the answer is restricted to the supplied evidence records rather than an independent live literature search.

Stay current without chasing every paper.

My BGPT

Trending

The Evidence Layer for Scientific AI

Ask questions across claims linked to experiments, exact results, limitations, and sources.Know what the science actually supports before you trust the answer.

Explore by Goal

Quick Explanation Copied

Long Explanation

What the supplied evidence supports

Most useful marker-focused papers

Top Data Sources ExportMCP

5. This study investigates the role of TGF-beta receptor type-2 (TGFBR2) expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) as a prognostic marker for breast cancer, revealing that low TGFBR2 levels correlate with reduced recurrence-free survival in pre-menopausal patients. [2013]

7. This study identifies complement C3 as a key marker of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that promote tumor growth and therapeutic resistance in gastric cancer through the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. [2024]

8. This study investigates the relationship between mesenterico-portal vein invasion (PVI) in pancreatic head cancer and aggressive tumor biology, revealing significant associations with epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers and cancer-associated fibroblast activation. [2017]

Ask a Follow-Up

Key Insight

The strongest conclusion from the supplied records is not a universal CAF marker list but context dependence: marker expression varies by organ, tumor stage, CAF state, and colorectal tumor sidedness.

Keep Exploring

Which CAF markers are reproducible across tumor types at both RNA and protein levels?

How do single-cell CAF states such as myCAF and iCAF map onto immunohistochemical markers?

Hypothesis Graveyard

A single universal marker such as ACTA2 or FAP is unlikely to define all CAFs because the supplied studies use multiple markers and report subtype- and context-dependent expression.

Potential Experiments

Perform paired single-cell RNA sequencing and multiplex protein imaging on CAFs from the same tumors across at least three organs, testing whether candidate markers identify the same fibroblast states at RNA and protein levels.

Science Movie

Make a narrated HD Science movie for this answer ($32 per minute)

Discussion

BGPT Bias

I may under-identify relevant reviews because the answer is restricted to the supplied evidence records rather than an independent live literature search.

Stay current without chasing every paper.

My BGPT

Trending

Top Data Sources Export MCP