BGPT: Create Graphs: Ginkgo EGb 761 safety signals (bleeding risk theory vs clinical signals)

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The requested graph cannot be built from the supplied evidence. None of the eight claim-level records contain bleeding, coagulation, platelet, or adverse-event safety data for EGb 761 — they cover amyloid pathology (C. elegans PT50, deposit counts ), cholesterol flux, rat pharmacokinetics, glaucoma, neuropathic pain, and dementia pharmacoeconomics.

The only bleeding-adjacent item is trial registration NCT00689858 (Phase 1, cilostazol + Ginkgo biloba PK/PD interaction in healthy volunteers, completed), but no results data were supplied. The "bleeding risk theory vs clinical signals" comparison therefore lacks both theory-side and clinical-side quantitative inputs here. Needed to proceed: pooled adverse-event rates (bleeding events per arm) from EGb 761 RCTs, anticoagulant/antiplatelet co-administration data, and platelet-function assay results.

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Updated: September 13, 2026

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1. In transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans models expressing intracellular or neuronal human beta-amyloid, the Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 and its components—especially ginkgolide A—suppress Aβ-induced paralysis, restore chemotaxis and serotonin sensitivity, reduce Aβ oligomers and deposits, and lower intracellular reactive oxygen species, suggesting oligomer modulation rather than antioxidant action underlies neuroprotection with implications for Alzheimer's disease therapy. [2006]

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2. Five-day in vivo treatment with EGb 761 or bilobalide increases glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in rat erythrocytes ex vivo, with EGb 761 also promoting greater intracellular glucose utilization via constituent(s) other than bilobalide. [1994]

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3. Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 reduces brain h-amyloid precursor protein (APP) and h-amyloid production in aging Brown Norway rats by lowering circulating free cholesterol, and modulates cholesterol influx/efflux and APP processing in neuronal cell models, suggesting a mechanistic link between cholesterol transport and the extract’s potential AD-related benefits. [2004]

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4. This study investigates the pharmacokinetics of terpene trilactones from the standardized Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® in rats, demonstrating their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and comparing their plasma and brain concentrations after oral administration. [2010]

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5. This study evaluates the pharmacoeconomic benefits of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® in treating dementia patients in Austria, demonstrating cost savings through delayed disease progression and reduced care needs. [2013]

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Key Insight

The widely repeated Ginkgo-bleeding signal rests largely on case reports and antiplatelet pharmacology theory, not on randomized adverse-event data; the supplied evidence base contains zero bleeding events, highlighting an evidence gap rather than evidence of safety or harm.

Keep Exploring

What are the pooled bleeding-event incidence rates in randomized controlled trials of EGb 761 alone versus EGb 761 co-administered with aspirin, warfarin, or clopidogrel?

Does ginkgolide B's platelet-activating factor antagonism produce measurable ex vivo platelet aggregation changes at standard 240 mg/day EGb 761 dosing in humans?

Hypothesis Graveyard

Hypothesis that the bleeding signal is established clinically from supplied data: falsified by absence — no record reports bleeding outcomes, so neither confirming nor refuting data exist here.

Potential Experiments

Extract per-arm adverse-event and bleeding-rate data from completed registered trials (NCT00689858, NCT00276380, NCT05906199) via ClinicalTrials.gov results sections and meta-analyze bleeding incidence ratios with random-effects models.

Science Art

Science Movie

Make a narrated HD Science movie for this answer ($32 per minute)

Discussion

BGPT Bias

My training data likely over-represents the 'Ginkgo increases bleeding risk' narrative from case reports and review articles, biasing me toward assuming clinical signal exists even when supplied records contain none.

Stay current without chasing every paper.

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2. Five-day in vivo treatment with EGb 761 or bilobalide increases glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in rat erythrocytes ex vivo, with EGb 761 also promoting greater intracellular glucose utilization via constituent(s) other than bilobalide. [1994]

4. This study investigates the pharmacokinetics of terpene trilactones from the standardized Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® in rats, demonstrating their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and comparing their plasma and brain concentrations after oral administration. [2010]

5. This study evaluates the pharmacoeconomic benefits of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® in treating dementia patients in Austria, demonstrating cost savings through delayed disease progression and reduced care needs. [2013]

6. The study investigates the neuroprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on retinal ganglion cells in a rat model of chronic glaucoma, demonstrating significant preservation of these cells in treated animals compared to untreated controls. [2004]

7. This study investigates the analgesic effects and mechanisms of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in alleviating neuropathic pain induced by streptozotocin in rats, demonstrating its potential to reduce oxidative stress and improve pain thresholds. [2012]

8. This study investigates the effects of Ginkgo Biloba Extract (EGb 761) on central nervous system functions, demonstrating its potential therapeutic benefits for cognitive impairments associated with aging and neurodegenerative disorders. [2000]

9. This study investigates the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® on cognitive control functions and stress reactivity in elderly adults with subjective memory impairment, finding indications of improved cognitive flexibility without significant changes in brain activation. [2016]

12. EGb 761 promotes osteoblast differentiation while inhibiting adipogenesis in bone marrow cells and reduces diet-induced vascular calcification and atherosclerotic changes in hamsters. [2012]

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Key Insight

The widely repeated Ginkgo-bleeding signal rests largely on case reports and antiplatelet pharmacology theory, not on randomized adverse-event data; the supplied evidence base contains zero bleeding events, highlighting an evidence gap rather than evidence of safety or harm.

Keep Exploring

What are the pooled bleeding-event incidence rates in randomized controlled trials of EGb 761 alone versus EGb 761 co-administered with aspirin, warfarin, or clopidogrel?

Does ginkgolide B's platelet-activating factor antagonism produce measurable ex vivo platelet aggregation changes at standard 240 mg/day EGb 761 dosing in humans?

Hypothesis Graveyard

Hypothesis that the bleeding signal is established clinically from supplied data: falsified by absence — no record reports bleeding outcomes, so neither confirming nor refuting data exist here.

Potential Experiments

Extract per-arm adverse-event and bleeding-rate data from completed registered trials (NCT00689858, NCT00276380, NCT05906199) via ClinicalTrials.gov results sections and meta-analyze bleeding incidence ratios with random-effects models.

Science Art

Science Movie

Make a narrated HD Science movie for this answer ($32 per minute)

Discussion

BGPT Bias

My training data likely over-represents the 'Ginkgo increases bleeding risk' narrative from case reports and review articles, biasing me toward assuming clinical signal exists even when supplied records contain none.

Stay current without chasing every paper.

My BGPT

Trending

Graphs Built From Reported Results

Turn exact figures reported in papers into graphs, each point traced to its source.Know what the science actually supports before you trust the answer.

Explore by Goal

Long Analysis Plan Copied

Top Data Sources ExportMCP

2. Five-day in vivo treatment with EGb 761 or bilobalide increases glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in rat erythrocytes ex vivo, with EGb 761 also promoting greater intracellular glucose utilization via constituent(s) other than bilobalide. [1994]

4. This study investigates the pharmacokinetics of terpene trilactones from the standardized Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® in rats, demonstrating their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and comparing their plasma and brain concentrations after oral administration. [2010]

5. This study evaluates the pharmacoeconomic benefits of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® in treating dementia patients in Austria, demonstrating cost savings through delayed disease progression and reduced care needs. [2013]

6. The study investigates the neuroprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on retinal ganglion cells in a rat model of chronic glaucoma, demonstrating significant preservation of these cells in treated animals compared to untreated controls. [2004]

7. This study investigates the analgesic effects and mechanisms of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in alleviating neuropathic pain induced by streptozotocin in rats, demonstrating its potential to reduce oxidative stress and improve pain thresholds. [2012]

8. This study investigates the effects of Ginkgo Biloba Extract (EGb 761) on central nervous system functions, demonstrating its potential therapeutic benefits for cognitive impairments associated with aging and neurodegenerative disorders. [2000]

9. This study investigates the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® on cognitive control functions and stress reactivity in elderly adults with subjective memory impairment, finding indications of improved cognitive flexibility without significant changes in brain activation. [2016]

12. EGb 761 promotes osteoblast differentiation while inhibiting adipogenesis in bone marrow cells and reduces diet-induced vascular calcification and atherosclerotic changes in hamsters. [2012]

Ask a Follow-Up

Key Insight

The widely repeated Ginkgo-bleeding signal rests largely on case reports and antiplatelet pharmacology theory, not on randomized adverse-event data; the supplied evidence base contains zero bleeding events, highlighting an evidence gap rather than evidence of safety or harm.

Keep Exploring

What are the pooled bleeding-event incidence rates in randomized controlled trials of EGb 761 alone versus EGb 761 co-administered with aspirin, warfarin, or clopidogrel?

Does ginkgolide B's platelet-activating factor antagonism produce measurable ex vivo platelet aggregation changes at standard 240 mg/day EGb 761 dosing in humans?

Hypothesis Graveyard

Hypothesis that the bleeding signal is established clinically from supplied data: falsified by absence — no record reports bleeding outcomes, so neither confirming nor refuting data exist here.

Potential Experiments

Extract per-arm adverse-event and bleeding-rate data from completed registered trials (NCT00689858, NCT00276380, NCT05906199) via ClinicalTrials.gov results sections and meta-analyze bleeding incidence ratios with random-effects models.

Science Art

Science Movie

Make a narrated HD Science movie for this answer ($32 per minute)

Discussion

BGPT Bias

My training data likely over-represents the 'Ginkgo increases bleeding risk' narrative from case reports and review articles, biasing me toward assuming clinical signal exists even when supplied records contain none.

Stay current without chasing every paper.

My BGPT

Trending

Top Data Sources Export MCP