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Functions of Oestrogen

Oestrogen is a crucial hormone with diverse functions in the body, primarily associated with female reproductive health but also playing significant roles in other physiological processes. Below are the key functions of oestrogen:

1. Reproductive Health

Oestrogen is essential for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system, including the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. It promotes the growth and maintenance of reproductive tissues such as the uterus and ovaries.

2. Bone Health

Oestrogen plays a vital role in maintaining bone density. It inhibits bone resorption by osteoclasts and promotes the activity of osteoblasts, which are responsible for bone formation. A decline in oestrogen levels during menopause is associated with increased bone turnover and a higher risk of osteoporosis .

3. Cardiovascular Health

Oestrogen has protective effects on the cardiovascular system. It helps maintain endothelial function, reduces inflammation, and promotes vasodilation through various mechanisms, including the activation of nitric oxide synthase Oestrogen and cardiovascular health. However, the effects can vary with age and menopausal status, leading to complex outcomes in hormone replacement therapy Oestrogen and ageing.

4. Fat Metabolism

Oestrogen influences fat metabolism, particularly during exercise. It enhances the oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle and promotes the uptake of long-chain fatty acids, which can improve metabolic efficiency .

5. Cognitive Function

Oestrogen has been shown to affect cognitive functions, including learning and memory. It acts through both genomic and non-genomic mechanisms, influencing synaptic plasticity and cognitive performance Oestrogen and cognition.

Conclusion

Oestrogen is a multifaceted hormone that plays critical roles in various physiological processes beyond reproduction, including bone health, cardiovascular function, fat metabolism, and cognitive abilities. Understanding these functions is essential for addressing health issues related to hormonal changes, particularly during menopause.